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Valium: the indications for usage and key features

Valium is one of the most famous representatives of the tranquilizers from the group of benzodiazepine derivatives. This medicine has anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, and hypnotic effects. The key ingredient is called diazepam and was synthesized in the 1960s. It was the first such derivative, which appeared to be potent and very effective in the therapy of various mental disorders. The brand name Valium is also well-known and widely prescribed all over the world.

The influence of the medicine

Valium has a great anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effect, and slightly less pronounced hypnotic and muscle relaxant action. After taking it, a feeling of relaxation, satisfaction, and carelessness appears, while all pain and discomfort disappear. The mechanism of action of this medicine is based on the stimulation of benzodiazepine receptors, which enhances the inhibitory effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The latter is the main inhibitory compound in the brain.

The main indications

Valium is used mainly as pills but injections also exist. The standard dose is from 2.5 to 10 mg 2-3 times a day. The maximum dose is 60 mg per day. The dosage and duration of therapy are established individually taking into account the condition of the patient. Indications for its use include: • anxiety disorders; • insomnia; • spasms of skeletal muscles and other spastic conditions caused by damage to the spinal cord or brain; • arthritis, bursitis, myositis, rheumatic disorder accompanied by tension in skeletal muscles; • headaches. According to the general recommendations, this medicine is also prescribed for alcohol withdrawal syndrome, if the patient is disturbed by anxiety, tension, tremor, and excitement. This medicine can be included in the treatment of high blood pressure, heart attacks, ulcers of the gastrointestinal system, gynecology issues, epilepsy, and skin diseases with such symptoms as irritation and itching. With the help of this medicine, premedication is carried out before various surgeries and diagnostic manipulations, and also before general anesthesia. There is evidence of its successful utilization in obstetrics to facilitate labor, premature birth (only at the end of the pregnancy), and premature placental abruption.

Adverse reactions and contraindications

It’s worth noticing that the list of possible adverse reactions is quite wide and includes the following categories: • Neurological disorders, such as drowsiness and dizziness, fatigue, reduced ability to concentrate, disorientation, poor coordination of movements, blunting of emotions, lethargy, slowing of mental and motor reactions, headache, amnesia, muscle spasm, suicidal tendency, confusion, acute excitement, hallucinations, irritability, insomnia, and anxiety. • Hematological illnesses, including such changes in the blood formula as leukopenia, anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. • Digestive disorders like dry mouth or hyperproduction of saliva, heartburn, hiccups, nausea, decreased appetite, vomiting, constipation, impaired liver function, jaundice, increased activity of liver enzymes, and pain in the gastric area. • Cardiovascular disorders, such as decreased blood pressure and tachycardia. • Urogenital problems, including urinary incontinence or retention, impaired kidney function, dysmenorrhea, and increased or decreased libido. • Allergic reactions like itching and skin rash. • Local reactions: phlebitis, venous thrombosis. • Addiction, depression of the respiratory center, impaired external breathing, weight loss, and withdrawal syndrome. Still, the rational use of this medicine under the doctors’ control helps to avoid such problems and get only the required effect. This medicine is prohibited for utilization in the case of: • allergic reactions to the main or auxiliary ingredients; • coma and shock; • acute alcohol intoxication with the weakening of vital functions; • acute intoxication with drugs that have a depressing effect on the central nervous system; • myasthenia (weakness and pathological muscle fatigue); • closed-angle glaucoma; • severe and acute respiratory failure; • during pregnancy and lactation. Due to its powerful action on the body, this medicine requires attentive and cautious utilization according to the prescription of the specialist.